114 articles - From Friday Feb 17 2023 to Friday Feb 24 2023
Guidelines and related publications, position statements, white papers, technical reviews, consensus statements, etc…
| Gastroenterology |
AGA Clinical Practice Guideline on the Role of Biomarkers for the Management of Ulcerative Colitis. The panel also proposed key implementation considerations for optimal use of biomarkers, and identified areas for future research. In patients with UC, noninvasive biomarkers, including fecal calprotectin, fecal lactoferrin, and serum CRP can inform disease monitoring and management. |
| Gastrointest Endosc |
American Society for Gastrointestinal Endoscopy guideline on management of post-liver transplant biliary strictures: methodology and review of evidence. In patients with unclear diagnosis or intermediate probability of a stricture, we suggest MRCP as the diagnostic modality. We suggest that antibiotics should be administered during ERCP when biliary drainage cannot be assured. |
American Society for Gastrointestinal Endoscopy guideline on management of post-liver transplant biliary strictures: summary and recommendations. In patients with unclear diagnoses or intermediate probability of a stricture, we suggest MRCP as the diagnostic modality. We suggest that antibiotics should be administered during ERCP when biliary drainage cannot be ensured. |
meta-analyses and systematic reviews
| Aliment Pharmacol Ther |
Meta-analysis: Placebo rates in microscopic colitis randomised trials and applications for future drug development using a historical control arm. Approximately one-quarter of patients in MC trials respond to placebo, although with substantial heterogeneity, reflecting the need for standardised outcome definitions and study designs for MC. This analysis also serves to inform future MC trials that may consider incorporating an external, historical placebo control arm, rather than directly randomising patients to placebo. |
| Endoscopy |
Validity evidence for observational ERCP competency assessment tools: A systematic review. The BESAT, ERCP DOPS, and TEESAT have strong validity evidence compared to other assessments. Integrating tools into training may help drive learners' development and support competency decision-making. |
| Gastrointest Endosc |
Upper Gastrointestinal Endoscopy in Subjects with Positive Faecal Occult Blood Test Undergoing Colonoscopy: Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. In FOBT+ subjects there is an appreciable prevalence of UGI cancers and other CSL. Anaemia but not symptoms or colonic pathology are linked to UGI lesions. While the data suggest that same day gastroscopy in FOBT+ subjects undergoing colonoscopy yields approximately 25% more malignancies as colonoscopy alone, prospective data are required to determine the cost-efficacy of dual-endoscopy as a standard of care for al FOBT+ subjects. |
| Hepatology |
RCT, clinical trials, retrospective studies, etc…
| Aliment Pharmacol Ther |
Higher mortality among lean patients with non-alcoholic fatty liver disease despite fewer metabolic comorbidities. Lean patients with NAFLD had higher mortality despite lower incidence of cirrhosis and DM, and similar incidence of CVD and cancer and merit similar if not more attention as non-lean patients with NAFLD. |
Trends in risk factor control and treatment among patients with non-alcoholic fatty liver disease and type 2 diabetes between 2000 and 2020: A territory-wide study. From 2000 to 2020, glycaemic and lipid control improved significantly, whereas blood pressure control remained static among patients with NAFLD and T2D. |
| Am J Gastroenterol |
Alpha-gal Sensitization in a U.S. Screening Population is Not Associated with Decreased Meat Intake or Gastrointestinal Symptoms. Elevated alpha-gal IgE antibodies were common and not associated with reduced mammalian meat intake, abdominal pain or diarrhea. Seropositivity did not predict symptomatic alpha-gal sensitization in this general screening population. Other host factors likely contribute to phenotypic expression of alpha-gal syndrome. |
Significant Dose-Response Association of Physical Activity and Diet Quality with Mortality in Adults with Suspected NAFLD in a Population Study. Our findings suggest that higher daily accumulated and peak effort PA and DQ are associated with lower all-cause and cardiovascular mortality in U.S. adults with NAFLD. |
| Clin Gastroenterol Hepatol |
Epidemiology of gastric malignancies 2000-2018 according to histology: a population-based analysis of incidence and temporal trends. GA was the most common histology. Based on our findings, the rise in noncardia GC among certain US populations appears predominantly driven by NET and GIST, not GA. Further studies are needed to clarify underlying etiologies for these findings. |
Increased Risk of Hospitalization in Celiac Disease with COVID-19 Infection is Mitigated by Vaccination. CD patients with COVID-19 have a higher risk of hospitalization compared to non-CD referents. This risk is mitigated by vaccination in CD patients as it is in non-CD referents. ICU requirement occurred only in unvaccinated CD patients and no CD patient died. Vaccination against COVID-19 should be strongly recommended in patients with CD as it is for non-CD patients in the general population. |
MRI-AST Score Accurately Predicts Major Adverse Liver Outcome, Hepatocellular Carcinoma, Liver Transplant, and Liver-Related Death. The MAST score noninvasively identifies at-risk nonalcoholic steatohepatitis and accurately predicts MALO, HCC, liver transplant, and liver-related death. |
| Endoscopy |
Long-term outcomes of pouch surveillance and risk of neoplasia in familial adenomatous polyposis. Pouch adenoma progression is slow and most advanced lesions occur after ten years. High grade dysplasia and cancer were rare events. Pouch phenotype in the first decade is associated with future risk of developing advanced lesions and may guide personalised surveillance beyond ten years. |
| Gastroenterology |
Pancreatic Cancer: Changing Epidemiology and New Approaches to Risk assessment, Early Detection, and Prevention. Although screening for pancreatic cancer is currently not recommended for the general population, emerging evidence indicate pancreatic surveillance can improve outcomes for individuals in certain high-risk groups. Changes in the epidemiology of pancreatic cancer, experience from pancreatic surveillance, and discovery of novel biomarkers provide a roadmap for new strategies for pancreatic cancer risk assessment, early detection, and prevention. |
| Gastrointest Endosc |
Outcomes and rebleeding risks of detachable snare and band ligation for colonic diverticular bleeding: a multicenter retrospective cohort study. There were no significant differences in outcomes between EDSL and EBL for CDB. After ligation therapy, careful follow-up is required, especially in the treatment of sigmoid diverticular bleeding during admission. History of ALGIB and PS at admission are important risk factors for long-term rebleeding after discharge. |
Performance and Attitudes Toward Real-time Computer-aided Polyp Detection during Colonoscopy in a Large Tertiary Referral Center in the United States. CADe did not improve adenoma detection in daily practice among endoscopists with high baseline ADR. Despite its availability, AI-assisted colonoscopy was only activated in half of cases, and multiple concerns were raised by staff and endoscopists. Future studies will help elucidate the patients and endoscopists that would benefit most from AI-assisted colonoscopy. |
Prospective multicenter assessment of the impact of EUS-guided gastroenterostomy on patient quality of life in unresectable malignant gastric outlet obstruction. EUS-GE has proven to relieve GOO symptoms in patients with unresectable malignancy, allowing rapid oral intake and hospital discharge. It also provides a clinically relevant increase in QoL scores at 30 days from baseline. |
| Gut |
Novel TCF21high pericyte subpopulation promotes colorectal cancer metastasis by remodelling perivascular matrix. This study uncovers a previously unidentified role of TPCs in haematogenous metastasis and provides a potential diagnostic marker and therapeutic target for CRC metastasis. |
Spatially restricted tumour-associated and host-associated immune drivers correlate with the recurrence sites of pancreatic cancer. Our findings demonstrate distinct inflammatory/stromal responses in each recurrence group, which might affect dissemination patterns and patient outcomes. These findings may help to inform personalised adjuvant/neoadjuvant and surveillance strategies in PDAC, including immunotherapeutic modalities. |
| Hepatology |
Burden of fatty liver and hepatic fibrosis in persons with HIV: A diverse cross-sectional US multicenter study. Nearly half of virally-suppressed PWH have FLD, 90% of which is due to NAFLD. A fifth of PWH with FLD has clinically significant fibrosis and 6% have advanced fibrosis. These data lend support to systematic screening for high-risk NAFLD in PWH. |
Familial clustering of intrahepatic cholestasis of pregnancy: A nationwide population-based study in Denmark. Co-twins and first-degree relatives of ICP patients were at ~5- and ~2.5-fold increased risk of ICP, respectively. No increased risk was observed in second- and third-degree relatives. Recurrent ICP and first-trimester ICP might indicate a higher degree of family-clustering. Further investigation is needed to investigate the increased risk of ICP in non-biological relatives. |
Hepatic mitochondrial NAD+ transporter SLC25A47 activates AMPKa mediating lipid metabolism and tumorigenesis. Our findings reveal that SLC25A47, a hepatocyte-specific mitochondrial NAD+ transporter, is one of the pharmacological targets of metformin and regulates lipid homeostasis through AMPKa, and may serve as a potential drug target for treating non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) and HCC. |
Human liver organoids: From generation to applications. With the development of liver organoids, a large part of previous hurdles in modeling the human liver are likely to be solved, enabeling possibilities to better model liver disease, improve (personalized) drug testing and advance bioengineering options. In this review, we address strategies to generate and use organoids in human liver disease modeling, followed by a discussion of their potential application in drug development and therapeutics, as well as their strengths and limitations. |
Immunoglobulin Y antibodies against cytolysin reduce ethanol-induced liver disease in mice. E. faecalis cytolysin is an important mortality predictor in alcohol-associated hepatitis patients and its targeted neutralization via specific antibodies improves ethanol-induced liver disease in microbiota humanized mice. |
Lean individuals with NAFLD have more severe liver disease and poorer clinical outcomes (NASH-CO Study). This study in a large community-based cohort confirms that NAFLD in lean subjects is more severe for fibrosis, the progression of liver disease, chronic kidney disease and overall mortality. |
Metabolomics as a tool to predict the risk of decompensation or liver related death in patients with compensated cirrhosis. In patients with compensated cirrhosis and CSPH, metabolomics improves the capacity of clinical models and achieves similar predictive capacity than models including HVPG. |
Spatial metabolomics and its application in the liver. This review summarizes the state of the art for spatially resolved metabolomic analysis and the challenges that hinder the achievement of metabolome coverage at the single-cell level. We also discuss several major contributions to the understanding of liver spatial metabolism and conclude with our opinion on future developments and applications of these exciting new technologies. |
Targeting neuropilin-1 abolishes anti-PD-1-upregulated regulatory T cells and synergizes with 4-1BB agonist for liver cancer treatment. Our findings elucidate the potential mechanism of anti-PD-1-mediated intratumoral Tregs accumulation in HCC and uncover the tissue adaptation characteristics of Tregs and identify the therapeutic potential of targeting Nrp-1 and 4-1BB for reprogramming the HCC microenvironment. |
Targeting YAP-mediated hepatic stellate cell death susceptibility and senescence for treatment of liver fibrosis. YAP determines whether MF-HSCs remain activated or become senescent. By regulating this state transition, Yap controls both HSC fibrogenic activity and susceptibility to distinct mechanisms for cell death. MF-HSC-specific YAP depletion induces senescence and protects injured livers from fibrosis. Clarifying determinants of HSC YAP activity may facilitate development of novel anti-fibrotic therapies. |
Treatment of chronic hepatitis d with peginterferon lambda - the phase 2 LIMT-1 clinical trial. Treatment with Lambda in patients with chronic HDV may result in virologic response during and following treatment cessation. Clinical phase 3 development of Lambda for this rare and serious disease is ongoing. |
Tyrosine kinase receptor B (TrkB) attenuates liver fibrosis via inhibiting TGF-ß/SMAD signaling. TrkB overexpression inhibited the activation of TGF-ß/SMAD signaling and alleviated hepatic fibrosis both in vitro and in vivo. These findings speculate that TrkB could be a significant suppressor of hepatic fibrosis and confers a potential therapeutic target in hepatic fibrosis. |
| J Hepatol |
Boosting compromised SARS-CoV-2-specific immunity with mRNA vaccination in liver transplant recipients. Three doses of a COVID-19 mRNA vaccine induce an overall robust humoral and cellular memory response in most LTR. Decisions regarding additional booster doses may thus be based on individual vaccine responses as well as evolution of novel variants of concern (VOC). Impact and implications Due to immunosuppressive medication, liver transplant recipients (LTR) display reduced antibody titers upon COVID-19 mRNA vaccination, but the impact on long-term immune memory is not clear. We here demonstrate that after three vaccine doses, the majority of LTR has not only substantial antibody titers, but also a robust memory T cell response. Additional booster vaccine doses may be of special benefit for a small subset of LTR with inferior vaccine response and may provide superior protection against evolving novel viral variants. These findings will help physicians to guide LTR regarding the benefit of booster vaccinations. |
Evaluation of PXL065 - Deuterium-Stabilized (R)-Pioglitazone in NASH Patients: a Phase 2 randomized placebo-controlled trial (DESTINY-1). PXL065 is a novel molecule which retains an efficacy profile in NASH similar to Pio with reduced potential for PPAR |
Ketohexokinase-C regulates global protein acetylation to decrease carnitine palmitoyltransferase 1a-mediated fatty acid oxidation. Here we show that fructose upregulates ketohexokinase, which in turn modifies global protein acetylation, including acetylation of CPT1a, to decrease fatty acid oxidation. Our findings broaden the impact of dietary sugar beyond its lipogenic role and have implications on drug development aimed at reducing the harmful effects attributed to sugar metabolism. |
Outbreak of indeterminate acute liver failure in children with adenoviraemia - Not a new disease. The recent outbreak of ID-PALF with adenoviraemia in immunocompetent children does not appear to be a new disease unlike what was perceived and reported. The frequency of such cases over the years could possibly be linked to background rates of adenovirus infections. |
| Neurogastroenterol Motil |
An artificial intelligence platform provides an accurate interpretation of esophageal motility from Functional Lumen Imaging Probe Panometry studies. An AI platform provided accurate interpretation of FLIP Panometry esophageal motility studies from a single center compared with the impression of experienced FLIP Panometry interpreters. This platform may provide useful clinical decision support for esophageal motility diagnosis from FLIP Panometry studies performed at the time of endoscopy. |
Comorbid extra-intestinal central sensitization conditions worsen irritable bowel syndrome in primary care patients. Patients with IBS often have multiple CS disorders which increases symptom severity and lowers quality of life. Understanding the impact of multiple CSS diagnoses and treating these as a global condition may improve patient experience. |
Identifying spastic variant of type II achalasia after treatment with high-resolution manometry and FLIP Panometry. High maximum PEP values, high FLIP 60 mL pressures and contractile response pattern on FLIP Panometry prior to treatment identified type II achalasia patients more likely to exhibit post-treatment spasm. Evaluating these features may guide personalized patient management. |
Plenty of the editorials are available as full text through the publisher website using the provided link
| Aliment Pharmacol Ther |
| Clin Gastroenterol Hepatol |
New Treatment Paradigms in Primary Biliary Cholangitis. Collectively the PBC therapeutic landscape is exciting. Therapy goals are increasingly proactive, individualized and aspire to rapidly achieve normal serum tests and quality of life with prevention of end-stage liver disease. |
| Gastrointest Endosc |
| Hepatology |
Breakthrough SARS-CoV-2 infection outcomes in vaccinated patients with chronic liver disease and cirrhosis: A National COVID Cohort Collaborative study. In this N3C study, breakthrough infection rates were similar among CLD patients with and without cirrhosis. Full vaccination was associated with a 66% reduction in risk of all-cause mortality for breakthrough infection among CLD patients with cirrhosis. These results provide an additional impetus for increasing vaccination uptake in CLD populations. |
misc publications eg case reports, tools of the trade, images of the month, etc…
| Am J Gastroenterol |
| Clin Gastroenterol Hepatol |
| Endoscopy |
| Gastroenterology |
| Gut |
| Hepatology |
| J Hepatol |
Letters to the editors and authors’ replies
| Aliment Pharmacol Ther |
| Clin Gastroenterol Hepatol |
| Gastroenterology |
| Gastrointest Endosc |
| Gut |
| J Hepatol |
| Neurogastroenterol Motil |